Name__________________________

Quiz 4: History 1301  Reading Quiz—Eric Foner’s Give Me Liberty Ch. 12-15

Answer in the Blanks Provided

Ch. 12

 

_____1. According to Alexis de Tocqueville, what were the most important institutions for organizing Americans?

          a.           state and federal governments

          b.           schools

          c.           political parties

          d.           voluntary associations

          e.           churches

_____2.             The Oneida community:

          a.           allowed each member an equal vote in governing the community.

          b.           permitted all of its members to own private property.

          c.           banished any member who divulged any information about the community’s sexual

                        practices.

          d.           invented the concept of birth control in America.

          e.           controlled which of its members would be allowed to reproduce.

_____3. Utopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because most Americans:

          a.           saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian

                         communities insisted members give up their property.

          b.           feared the Communist Party that endorsed and, in some cases, sponsored these

                         communities.

          c.           were Protestants, but all utopian communities required members to deny religious beliefs.

          d.           supported the industrial revolution, but most utopian communities turned away from

                         industry in favor of an agrarian lifestyle.

          e.           considered the utopian communities to be too materialistic and selfish.

_____4. By 1840, the temperance movement in the United States had:

          a.           united Americans of all classes and religions in a “war” against alcohol.

          b.           virtually disappeared.

          c.           convinced Congress to pass a national prohibition law.

          d.           made no measurable impact on Americans’ drinking habits.

          e.           encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol.

_____5.Horace Mann believed that public schools would do all of the following EXCEPT:

          a.           “equalize the conditions of men.”

          b.           provide an avenue for social advancement.

          c.           restore a fractured society.

          d.           reinforce social stability.

          e.           help eliminate racial discrimination.

_____6. .         William Lloyd Garrison:

          a.           secretly financed Nat Turner’s Rebellion.

          b.           began publishing his newspaper in Richmond, Virginia, in 1831, but moved it to

                         friendlier territory two years later.

          c.           attracted little support from fellow abolitionists, but historians have discovered his

                         importance.

          d.           suggested that the North dissolve the Union to free itself of any connection to slavery.

          e.           published American Slavery As It Is, an influential pamphlet.

 

 

_____7. Abolitionists challenged stereotypes about African-Americans by:

          a.           countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a separate species.

          b.           presenting the compositions of Henry Highland Garnet to disprove the belief that African

                         culture was inferior because it produced no classical music composers.

          c.           pointing to Haiti, the scene of the famous slave revolts of the 1790s and 1800s, as a

                         model of civilization.

          d.           making January 1, the anniversary of the end of the international slave trade, a holiday

                        throughout the North until the end of the Civil War.

          e.           nominating Frederick Douglass for president in 1852 and winning him Vermont’s

                         electoral votes.

_____8.What did the Fourth of July represent to Frederick Douglass?

          a.           the hypocrisy of a nation that proclaimed liberty but sanctioned slavery

          b.           the ultimate celebration of freedom

          c.           a beacon of hope that someday America would honor the claim that “all men are created

                         equal”

          d.           an opportunity for slaves to join in a mass rebellion against their masters

          e.           the anniversary of the day he ran away from his master and claimed freedom

_____9.          Dorothea Dix devoted much time to the crusade for the:

          a.           immediate abolition of slavery.

          b.           establishment of common schools in the South.

          c.           better treatment for convicted criminals in jail.

          d.           construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane.

          e.           right for women to vote in local school elections.

_____10.        The Seneca Falls Convention’s Declaration of Sentiments:

          a.           did not demand voting rights for women because the participants were so divided on that

                         issue.

          b.           was modeled on the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution.

          c.           was written primarily by the Grimké sisters.

          d.           condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women.

          e.           inspired Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to become abolitionists.

_____11. The organized abolitionist movement split into two wings in 1840, largely over:

          a.           whether to nominate William Lloyd Garrison or James G. Birney as the antislavery

                         presidential candidate.

          b.           the question of abolitionists’ taking a public stand on the controversial gag rule.

          c.           whether African-Americans should be allowed to speak at mixed-race public events.

          d.           a dispute concerning the proper role of women in antislavery work.

          e.           disagreements concerning the endorsement of colonization.

_____12. The __________ was established in hopes of making abolitionism a political movement.

          a.           Liberty Party

          b.           Whig Party

          c.           North Star Party

          d.           Republican Party

          e.           Afro-American Party

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 13

_____13. Why did slavery become more central to American politics in the 1840s?

          a.           The Methodist Church, the nation’s largest denomination, called on all its members to

                        free their slaves.

          b.           Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave.

          c.           Members of the abolitionist Republican Party, formed in 1844, insisted on debating

                         slavery.

          d.           President John Tyler’s antislavery policies caused a major proslavery backlash led by

                        John C. Calhoun.

          e.           As the 1848 constitutional deadline for ending the African slave trade drew near,

                        Americans became obsessed with slavery.

_____14.  American settlement in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s:

          a.           took place without approval from the Mexican government.

          b.           did not exceed the Mexican population there until the United States annexed Texas in

                        1845.

          c.           led Stephen Austin to demand more autonomy from Mexican officials.

          d.           included no slaves, because Mexico had banned slavery in its territory.

          e.           was in communities whose American-born residents were called Tejanos by their

                         Mexican neighbors.

_____15. “Fifty-four forty or fight” referred to demands for American control of:

          a.           Texas.

          b.           Oregon.

          c.           California.

          d.           Mexico.

_____16.Who questioned President Polk’s right to declare war by introducing a resolution to Congress requesting that the president specify the precise spot where blood had first been shed?

          a.           Daniel Webster

          b.           John C. Calhoun

          c.           Stephen Douglas

          d.           Abraham Lincoln

          e.           Charles Sumner

_____17..The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 provided for all of the following EXCEPT:

          a.           the transfer of California to the United States.

          b.           guaranteeing to male citizens in the Mexican Cession “their liberty and property.”

          c.           payment of $15 million to Mexico by the United States.

          d.           U.S. control of all of the Oregon Country.

          e.           confirmation of the U.S. annexation of Texas.

_____18.All of the following took place under the constitution and state laws of independent Texas EXCEPT:

          a.           protect slavery.

          b.           deny free blacks entrance to Texas.

          c.           deny civil rights to people of African heritage.

          d.           allow Native Americans equal rights.

          e.           allow the purchase of land by only whites.

 

 

 

 

 

_____19.The California gold rush:

          a.           actually had only a small impact on California’s population because its rich farmlands

                         already attracted thousands of new settlers each year.

          b.           attracted almost equal numbers of men and women.

          c.           resulted in laws that discriminated against “foreign miners.”

          d.           made considerable wealth for average miners because gold mining demanded no real

                        investment of capital.

          e.           hurt the development of San Francisco because gold discoveries shifted interest to areas

                        outside of town.

_____20. In 1846, Congressman David Wilmot proposed to:

          a.           prohibit slavery from all territory acquired from Mexico.

          b.           allow voters to decide the status of slavery in new territories.

          c.           divide the Oregon Country between Great Britain and the United States.

          d.           annex Cuba in order to avoid southern secession.

          e.           allow slavery to expand into California and New Mexico.

_____21. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850:

          a.           won the grudging support of Ralph Waldo Emerson as a necessary compromise.

          b.           gave new powers to federal officers to override local law enforcement.

          c.           was declared unconstitutional in the Dred Scott case.

          d.           angered southerners by weakening an earlier law on fugitive slaves.

          e.           convinced Abraham Lincoln to retire briefly from political life.

_____22. The Republican free labor ideology:

          a.           convinced northerners that Catholic immigrants posed a more significant threat than the

                        southern slave power.

          b.           won Republicans significant support from non-slaveholders in the South in 1856.

          c.           owed its origins to Abraham Lincoln’s reemergence in the wake of the Kansas-Nebraska

                         Act.

          d.           accepted southerners’ point that slavery protected their liberty, but explained that the

                         economic benefits of free labor would outweigh the damage abolition would do to

                         southern liberty.

          e.           led to the argument by Abraham Lincoln and William Seward that free labor and slave

_____23. On matters related to citizenship, the U.S. Supreme Court declared in Dred Scott that:

          a.           free African-Americans could vote.

          b.           anyone that a state considered to be a citizen was a U.S. citizen.

          c.           free-born blacks were U.S. citizens, but those born into slavery and later freed could not

                        be citizens.

          d.           citizenship was limited to males.

          e.           only white persons could be U.S. citizens.

_____24. On matters related to citizenship, the U.S. Supreme Court declared in Dred Scott that:

          a.           free African-Americans could vote.

          b.           anyone that a state considered to be a citizen was a U.S. citizen.

          c.           free-born blacks were U.S. citizens, but those born into slavery and later freed could not

                        be citizens.

          d.           citizenship was limited to males.

          e.           only white persons could be U.S. citizens.

_____25.        In the 1850s, Tennessee-born William Walker became famous for:

          a.           creating a utopian community in northern California.

          b.           his proslavery novels that heightened sectionalism.

          c.           breeding the “Tennessee Walker,” a horse prominent in westward expansion.

          d.           seeking to establish himself as ruler of a slaveholding Nicaragua.

          e.           defying fellow whites in his native region and becoming a prominent abolitionist.

Chapter 14

 

_____26. Among the Confederacy’s advantages during the Civil War was:

          a.           that its rail network was more advanced than the Union’s.

          b.           its large size, which made it more difficult for the Union to conquer.

          c.           that the Lower South had long had significant manufacturing facilities.

          d.           its military-aged white male population was slightly higher than the Union’s.

_____27. At the first Battle of Bull Run:

          a.           spectators from the city came with picnic baskets to watch.

          b.           the Union won a smashing victory.

          c.           both sides suffered more casualties than they did in any other single day during the war.

          d.           the Confederates swept northward and briefly captured Washington, D.C.

          e.           General Grant made a name for himself.

_____28. During the first two years of the war, Union forces were generally:

          a.           more successful in the West than in the East.

          b.           ill-trained, which changed when General McClellan took over in 1863.

          c.           successful in all regions in which the war took place.

          d.           unable to take any territory held by the Confederates.

          e.           more successful in the East than in the West.

_____29. Lincoln was hesitant to support abolition early in the war because he:

          a.           did not believe slaves could be productive American citizens.

          b.           owned slaves himself.

          c.           feared losing the support of the slaveholding border states within the Union.

          d.           did not want to support the policies of the Radical Republicans.

          e.           promised during his 1860 campaign that he was against abolition.

_____30.         Which of the following is NOT true of Abraham Lincoln’s slavery policy during the first two years of the war?

          a.           He initially insisted that slavery was irrelevant to the Civil War.

          b.           He supported the colonization of freed slaves on an island near Haiti.

          c.           He rescinded an emancipation order by a Union general in Missouri.

          d.           He proposed gradual, compensated emancipation in the border states.

          e.           He proposed a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery immediately.

_____31. Beginning in 1863, what did Frederick Douglass urge northern blacks to do?

          a.           enlist in the Union army

          b.           embark to Liberia

          c.           head north to Canada

          d.           demand voting rights as a condition of supporting the war

          e.           protest the war until Lincoln promised to end slavery

_____32. With regard to civil liberties during the Civil War, President Lincoln:

          a.           always let courts and judges have the final say.

          b.           suspended the writ of habeas corpus.

          c.           ordered most Democratic newspapers shut down.

          d.           urged the impeachment of federal judges who opposed him.

       

_____33. Colonel John Chivington is remembered for:

          a.           becoming a martyr when tortured and killed by Sioux warriors.

          b.           leading the cavalry charge that turned back a Confederate assault at Shiloh.

          c.           his refusal to surrender his Confederate troops until weeks after Lee’s final surrender.

          d.           organizing a band of pro-Union Creek Indians who fought bravely at Vicksburg.

          e.           leading an attack that killed perhaps 400 Indian men, women, and children.

 

_____34. Captains of industry like steel magnate Andrew Carnegie and oil man John D. Rockefeller:

          a.           began creating or consolidating their fortunes during the Civil War.

          b.           benefited after the war from the respect their military service earned for them.

          c.           became important advisers to President Lincoln.

          d.           voluntarily provided important resources to the war effort.

_____35. Which of the following is NOT true of the New York City riots of 1863?

          a.           They were mostly the doing of Irish immigrants.

          b.           The introduction of the draft sparked them.

          c.           Union troops ultimately ended them.

          d.           Rioters targeted the wealthy and African-Americans.

          e.           They convinced Lincoln to delay issuing the Emancipation Proclamation.

_____36.         The Union’s manpower advantage over the Confederacy:

          a.           was short-lived once the Confederacy began using slaves as soldiers.

          b.           proved essential for the success of Grant’s attrition strategy.

          c.           was rather slight.

          d.           although substantial, did not matter in determining the war’s outcome.

          e.           existed only because the Union had lower draft requirements than the Confederacy.

_____37. The Wade-Davis Bill in 1864:

          a.           received strong support from congressional Democrats but not from Republicans.

          b.           called for at least two-thirds of a southern state’s voters to take a loyalty oath.

          c.           showed Radical Republicans’ frustration with Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan.

          d.           was the model for Lincoln’s later Ten-Percent Plan.

          e.           failed to receive sufficient votes in the Senate and therefore died.

_____38. In his last speech, Lincoln said what regarding postwar policy?

        a.         Democracy demanded that African-Americans should play leading roles in southern

                                    politics.

          b.           Southern whites would never concede defeat, so Reconstruction must be mild.

          c.           He would defer to Radical Republicans in Congress.

          d.           There should be at least limited black suffrage.

          e.           Large southern planters should be made to pay dearly for having caused the war.

Chapter 15.

 

_____39. How did emancipation affect the structure of the black family?

          a.           Men and women maintained equality within the household, making black families far

                        more matrilineal than white families.

          b.           Men often remained at home while women went out and labored—a major shift from

                         their roles while in slavery.

          c.           Black women adopted the domestic roles that white women had long had, but retained

                        their duties in the fields and in the workplace.

          d.           The black family became more like the typical white family, with men as the

                         breadwinners and women as the homemakers.

          e.           Emancipation did not lead to any changes in the black family’s structure.

_____40. For most former slaves, freedom first and foremost meant:

          a.           railroading building.

          b.           jobs.

          c.           land ownership.

          d.           voting.

          e.           jury duty.

 

 

 

41. The Freedmen’s Bureau:

          a.           was badly administered because director O. O. Howard lacked military experience.

          b.           won much southern white support because it consistently supported the planters in

                         disputes with former slaves.

          c.           made notable achievements in improving African-American education and health care.

          d.           carried out a successful program of distributing land to every former slave family.

          e.           enjoyed the strong support of President Andrew Johnson in its work on behalf of civil

                         rights.

_____42. Sharecropping:

          a.           meant that African-Americans were paid their share daily for doing specific tasks.

          b.           was a compromise between African-Americans’ desire for discipline and planters’ desire

                         to learn to do physical labor.

          c.           was most popular in the old rice-plantation areas of South Carolina and Georgia.

          d.           became more popular because of rising farm prices that brought increased prosperity.

          e.           was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor (because they were less subject to

                         supervision).

_____43. The southern Black Codes:

          a.           allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor

                         contracts.

          b.           allowed former slaves to testify in court against whites and to serve on juries.

          c.           were some of the first laws adopted as part of Radical Reconstruction in 1867.

          d.           were denounced by President Johnson and declared unconstitutional by the Supreme

                        Court.

          e.           pleased northerners because they saw that the rule of law was returning to the South.

_____44. .What early 1868 action by Andrew Johnson sparked his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives?

          a.           He fired Secretary of State William Seward, an ally of Radical Republicans.

          b.           He vetoed a bill to extend the life of the Freedmen’s Bureau.

          c.           He bribed a Republican senator to support his Reconstruction policies.

          d.           He defiantly released a letter showing he had given support to the Confederacy in 1863.

          e.           He allegedly violated the Tenure of Office Act.

_____45. Which of the following was NOT an accomplishment of southern governments run by Republicans during Reconstruction?

          a.           state-supported public schools

          b.           widespread transformation of plantations into black-owned farms

          c.           pioneering civil rights legislation

          d.           finance of railroad construction in the region

          e.           tax incentives to attract northern manufacturers to invest in the region

_____46. The Enforcement Acts, passed by Congress in 1870 and 1871, were designed to:

          a.           end Reconstruction by allowing state governments to oversee citizenship rights.

          b.           stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan.

          c.           enforce the Emancipation Proclamation in the Confederate states.

          d.           increase the authority of the Freedmen’s Bureau.

          e.           eliminate racial discrimination in public spaces such as hotels and theaters.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

_____47. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the Slaughterhouse Cases that:

          a.           most rights of citizens are under the control of state governments rather than the federal

                        government.

          b.           states cannot interfere with vigorous federal enforcement of a broad array of civil rights

                         guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.

          c.           the federal government has sole authority under the Commerce Clause to regulate the

                        meatpacking industry.

          d.           voting rights of African-Americans under the Fifteenth Amendment cannot be abridged

                        or denied by any state.

          e.           Reconstruction had progressed too far and was now officially ended.

_____48.         The Bargain of 1877:

          a.           allowed Samuel Tilden to become president.

          b.           led to the appointment of a southerner as postmaster general.

          c.           marked a compromise between Radical and Liberal Republicans.

          d.           called for the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment.

          e.           was made by Grant to prevent his impeachment over the Whiskey Ring.

_____49. The civil rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the:

          a.           Equality Era.

          b.           Gilded Age.

          c.           Socialist Era.

          d.           Information Age.

          e.           Second Reconstruction.

_____50. Unless I have to do a make up quiz, this is the last time I have to answer any questions out of

                        Foner’s book, at least Volume I.

            A. True

            B. False

            C. Both A and B are correct

            D. Neither A nor B is correct